• Closed-loop
data-driven modeling
supervised only from a word-level
transcription
• The
expectation/maximization (EM)
algorithm is used to improve our
parameter estimates.
• Computationally efficient training
algorithms (Forward-Backward)
have been crucial.
• Batch mode parameter
updates are
typically preferred.
• Decision trees are
used to optimize
parameter-sharing, system
complexity, and the use of additional
linguistic knowledge.