EM ESTIMATION OF MIXTURES

  • Closed-loop data-driven modeling supervised only from a word-level transcription

  • The expectation/maximization (EM) algorithm is used to improve our parameter estimates.

  • Computationally efficient training algorithms (Forward-Backward) have been crucial.

  • Batch mode parameter updates are typically preferred.

  • Decision trees are used to optimize parameter-sharing, system complexity, and the use of additional linguistic knowledge.