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Optimization:An act or process of making something(as a
design, system, or decision) as fully perfect, functional, or
effective as possible
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An optimal policy has the property that whatever the initial
state and initial decision are, the remaining decisions must
constitute an optimal policy with regard to the state
resulting from the first decision
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The Principle implies that a final optimal policy depends
only upon the initial state and upon making only optimal
decisions along the way